Footnotes -- those little notes tiptoeing in at the bottom of a text -- are becoming increasingly important on the AP as a college survival skill: those who cannot understand footnotes are destined to miss crucial information.
The following are common footnote abbreviations you will need to "decode" for the AP and for future studies. Sorry for the sketchy quality of this picture!
_________________________ The above footnote information was presented by Kellie Guild of Advanced Technologies Academy at the AP Language conference in Las Vegas, 2015.